11th & 12th HSC Board Grammar Syllabus:

1. Parts of Speech :Verbs (main/auxiliary/modal, transitive/intransitive) gerund, finite/infinite verbs, participles; time, tense, phrasal verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, determiners-articles

Definitions, examples, and multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on the requested topics:

1. Verbs:

A. Types of Verbs:

 1. Main Verbs:  Express the main action or state of being.

   -  Example:  She  writes  a letter.

 2. Auxiliary Verbs:  Help the main verb by adding tense, mood, or voice.

   -  Example:  She  is  writing a letter.

 3. Modal Verbs:  Indicate ability, possibility, permission, or obligation.

   -  Example:  She  can  write a letter.

 

B. Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs:

 1. Transitive Verbs:  Require a direct object.

   -  Example:  He  kicked  the ball.

 2. Intransitive Verbs:  Do not take a direct object.

   -  Example:  She  smiled .

 

C. Gerunds, Finite/Non-Finite Verbs, Participles

 1. Gerund:  Verb + "ing" functioning as a noun.

   -  Example:   Swimming  is fun.

 2. Finite Verbs:  Change with tense and subject.

   -  Example:  She  eats  lunch at noon.

 3. Non-Finite Verbs:  Do not change with tense and subject (infinitives, gerunds, participles).

   -  Example:  She likes  to swim .

 4. Participles:

   -  Present Participle:  Verb + "ing" used as an adjective.

     - Example: The  crying  baby needs attention.

   -  Past Participle:  Verb + "ed," "en," or irregular form used as an adjective.

     - Example: The  broken  vase is on the floor.

 

D. Time vs. Tense:

 1. Time:  Refers to past, present, or future in real-world terms.

   -  Example:   Yesterday  (past time)

 2. Tense:  Refers to grammatical structures indicating time.

   -  Example:  She  will go  (future tense).

 

 E. Phrasal Verbs:

Phrasal verbs combine a verb with a preposition or adverb, changing the verb’s meaning.

   -  Example:  She  gave up  smoking.

2. Adjectives:

Describe or modify nouns.

   -  Example:  The  red  apple is sweet.

 Types of Adjectives:

   -  Descriptive:  The  beautiful  garden.

   -  Quantitative:  She has  three  dogs.

   -  Demonstrative:   That  book is mine.

3. Adverbs:

Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

   -  Example:  She sings  beautifully .

 Types of Adverbs:

   -  Manner:  He ran  quickly .

   -  Time:  She left  early .

   -  Place:  We met  here .

4. Prepositions:

Show the relationship between nouns/pronouns and other words.

   -  Example:  The cat is  under  the table.

5. Determiners/Articles:

Determine the noun’s reference.

   -  Articles:   The ,  a ,  an .

   -  Demonstratives:   This ,  those .

   -  Quantifiers:   Many ,  few .

MCQs with Answers:

  1. Which sentence contains a transitive verb?

   a) She ran quickly. 

   b) He wrote a letter. 

   c) They are sleeping. 

   d) The dog barked.

 Answer:  b) He wrote a letter.

 2. Identify the participle in this sentence: "The frightened child ran away."

   a) frightened 

   b) child 

   c) ran 

   d) away

 Answer:  a) frightened

 3. Which of the following is a gerund?

   a) To swim 

   b) Swimming 

   c) Swam 

   d) Swim

 Answer:  b) Swimming

4. Choose the sentence with a phrasal verb:

   a) He stood by his friend. 

   b) He walked to the store. 

   c) He loves to swim. 

   d) She is writing a letter.

 Answer:  a) He stood by his friend.

 5. Which word is an adverb of manner?

   a) Often 

   b) Beautifully 

   c) Here 

   d) Yesterday

 Answer:  b) Beautifully

 6. Which of these is a demonstrative adjective?

   a) Three 

   b) Quickly 

   c) That 

   d) Beautiful

 Answer:  c) That

 7. Which sentence uses a non-finite verb?

   a) She goes to the park. 

   b) They are eating lunch. 

   c) To win is their goal. 

   d) She plays the piano.

 Answer:  c) To win is their goal.

 8. Which sentence has a past participle?

   a) The running water is cold. 

   b) The broken window needs repair. 

   c) She is swimming. 

   d) The shining star was bright.

 Answer:  b) The broken window needs repair.

 9. Which is a modal verb?

   a) Is 

   b) Can 

   c) Will be 

   d) Has

 Answer:  b) Can

 10. Choose the correct preposition: "The cat is hiding ___ the bed."

   a) on 

   b) with 

   c) under 

   d) by

 Answer:  c) under

 11. Identify the finite verb in this sentence: "She likes to read books."

   a) likes 

   b) to read 

   c) books 

   d) She

 Answer:  a) likes

 12. Which of the following is an intransitive verb?

   a) She cooked dinner. 

   b) He threw the ball. 

   c) The baby cried. 

   d) She watched TV.

 Answer:  c) The baby cried.

 13. Which sentence contains a modal verb?

   a) She can dance very well. 

   b) She has danced before. 

   c) She is dancing now. 

   d) She will be dancing soon.

 Answer:  a) She can dance very well.

 14. Choose the sentence with a non-finite verb:

   a) He went to the store. 

   b) Running every day is good for health. 

   c) She wrote a letter yesterday. 

   d) The flowers bloom in spring.

 Answer:  b) Running every day is good for health.

 15. Which of these sentences has an adjective of quantity?

   a) She is a tall girl. 

   b) There are several students in the class. 

   c) This book is mine. 

   d) He is the fastest runner.

Answer:  b) There are several students in the class.

 16. Which of the following sentences uses a gerund?

   a) She enjoys reading books. 

   b) They are planning a trip. 

   c) He has been swimming. 

   d) She was singing.

Answer:  a) She enjoys reading books.

17. Which word is an adverb of time?

   a) Slowly 

   b) Yesterday 

   c) Very 

   d) Up

Answer:  b) Yesterday

18. Which of these is a phrasal verb?

   a) Turn off 

   b) Speak up 

   c) Look into 

   d) All of the above

Answer:  d) All of the above

19. Which word is a preposition?

   a) Around 

   b) Very 

   c) Happily 

   d) Beautiful

Answer:  a) Around

20. Choose the correct article: "She bought ___ apple."

   a) a 

   b) an 

   c) the 

   d) None of the above

Answer:  b) an

21. Identify the demonstrative pronoun in this sentence: "These flowers are beautiful."

   a) flowers 

   b) beautiful 

   c) These 

   d) are

Answer:  c) These

22. Which sentence contains an adjective of quality?

   a) She has many friends. 

   b) That is a large house. 

   c) Several books are missing. 

   d) He has little money.

Answer:  b) That is a large house.

23. Which of these sentences has an adverb of place?

   a) She went upstairs. 

   b) He often visits us. 

   c) The cat ran quickly. 

   d) She is singing softly.

Answer:  a) She went upstairs.

24. Which of these is a transitive verb?

   a) She ate an apple. 

   b) The bird flew. 

   c) He smiled. 

   d) The sun rises.

Answer:  a) She ate an apple.

25. Which word is a past participle in this sentence: "The stolen car was found."

   a) car 

   b) found 

   c) stolen 

   d) was

Answer:  c) stolen

26. Which of these is a modal auxiliary verb?

   a) May 

   b) Is 

   c) Was 

   d) Has

Answer:  a) May

27. Choose the sentence with a prepositional phrase:

   a) The cat jumped over the fence. 

   b) She likes to dance. 

   c) He runs fast. 

   d) The flowers are blooming.

Answer:  a) The cat jumped over the fence.

28. Which sentence contains an infinitive?

   a) She likes to sing. 

   b) He is running. 

   c) The cake was eaten. 

   d) They have left.

Answer:  a) She likes to sing.

29. Which word is an article in this sentence: "The girl found a lost puppy."

   a) girl 

   b) lost 

   c) a 

   d) found

Answer:  c) a

30. Choose the correct demonstrative adjective: "___ shoes are mine."

   a) That 

   b) Those 

   c) This 

   d) A

Answer:  b) Those

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