3.3 E-Mail Writing: Writing Skills

  •     What is an Email?

Electronic mail (also known as email or e-mail) is one of the most commonly used services on the Internet, allowing people to send messages to one or more recipients. Email was invented by Ray Tomlinson in 1972.

An email, short for "electronic mail," is a method of exchanging digital messages between people using electronic devices, typically through the internet. It allows individuals to send and receive written communications, files, documents, and other data quickly and efficiently to one or more recipients who have an email address.

 ·         The key components of an email include:

1.  Sender : The person or entity who initiates the email and composes the message.

 2.  Recipient : The individual or group of individuals who will receive the email.

 3.  Email Address : A unique identifier for each email account, typically in the format "username@example.com," where "username" represents the user's chosen name, and "example.com" indicates the domain hosting the email service.

 4.  Subject : A brief summary or title that gives recipients an idea of what the email is about.

 5.  Message Body : The main content of the email, where the sender writes the actual text they wish to convey.

 6.  Attachments : Files, images, or documents that can be included with the email, allowing users to share additional information.

 7.  CC (Carbon Copy) and BCC (Blind Carbon Copy) : These options allow the sender to copy other recipients on the email (CC) or hide certain recipients from the others (BCC).

When someone sends an email, it travels through various servers on the internet before reaching the recipient's email server. The recipient's email client or webmail service then retrieves the email, and the recipient can read, respond to, or forward it as needed.

 Email has become an essential and widely used form of communication for both personal and professional purposes due to its convenience, speed, and accessibility across different devices and platforms. However, as with any communication method, it is essential to be mindful of privacy and security considerations when sharing sensitive information via email.

 ·         Salutations in email writing

Salutations in email writing are greetings used at the beginning of an email to address the recipient. The choice of salutation depends on the level of formality and the relationship between the sender and the recipient. Here are some common salutations used in email writing:

 1.  Formal Salutations :

   - Dear Mr. [Last Name]

   - Dear Mrs. [Last Name]

   - Dear Miss [Last Name]

   - Dear Ms. [Last Name]

   - Dear Dr. [Last Name]

   - Dear Professor [Last Name]

   - Dear Sir/Madam

 2.  Semi-Formal Salutations :

   - Hello [First Name]

   - Hi [First Name]

   - Good morning/afternoon/evening [First Name]

 3.  Informal Salutations :

   - Hi

   - Hello

   - Hey

   - Greetings

 4.  Customized Salutations :

   - For a group or team: Dear [Team/Group Name]

   - For an unknown recipient: To Whom It May Concern

   - For a personal connection: Dear [Nickname or First Name]

 It's essential to choose an appropriate salutation based on the context and the relationship you have with the recipient. When in doubt, it's generally better to lean towards formality, especially when writing to someone you haven't met or when the email is related to professional or business matters.

 Also, be mindful of cultural norms and regional preferences, as some cultures may have specific greetings or honorifics commonly used in professional communication. When addressing someone by their title and last name, make sure to use the correct title, such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., or Dr.

As with any form of communication, using a respectful and appropriate salutation sets the tone for the rest of the email and contributes to a positive and professional interaction.

 ·         Email writing manners and etiquettes

Email writing manners and etiquettes are essential for maintaining professionalism, showing respect, and ensuring effective communication in the digital world. Here are some important guidelines to follow when writing emails:

 1.  Use a Clear and Concise Subject Line : The subject line should accurately summarize the content of the email. A clear subject helps the recipient understand the purpose of the email at a glance.

 2.  Start with a Proper Salutation: Begin the email with a formal or appropriate salutation based on the recipient's relationship and the level of formality.

 3.  Address the Recipient Correctly: Use the recipient's name or title correctly. Double-check the spelling to avoid errors.

 4.  Use a Professional Email Address : Your email address should be simple, professional, and easy to identify. Avoid using unprofessional or overly casual email addresses.

 5.  Keep the Email Brief and to the Point : Be concise and avoid unnecessary details. Use paragraphs to organize your thoughts logically.

 6.  Be Polite and Respectful : Use polite language and a respectful tone throughout the email. Avoid using all caps, which can be perceived as shouting.

 7.  Use Proper Grammar and Spelling : Proofread your email before sending it to correct any grammar or spelling mistakes.

 8.  Avoid Abbreviations and Emoticons : In professional settings, avoid using informal abbreviations or emoticons. Maintain a professional tone.

 9.  Respond Promptly : Try to reply to emails promptly, especially in business or work-related communication.

 10.  Be Cautious with Humor and Jokes : Humor can be subjective and may not always translate well in writing. Be careful with jokes, as they can be misinterpreted.

 11.  Use Cc and Bcc Appropriately : When using the carbon copy (Cc) or blind carbon copy (Bcc), ensure that it is necessary and that all recipients are aware of it.

 12.  Be Mindful of Email Signatures : Your email signature should be professional and contain essential contact information, such as your full name, job title, organization, and contact details.

 13.  Avoid Forwarding Chain Emails : Refrain from forwarding chain emails, as they are often considered unprofessional and can clutter inboxes.

 14.  Don't Overuse High Priority or Urgent Flags : Reserve high priority or urgent flags for genuinely critical matters.

 15.  Double-Check Recipients and Attachments : Verify that you are sending the email to the correct recipients and that you have attached the intended files, if any.

 16.  Avoid Sharing Sensitive Information : Be cautious about sharing sensitive or confidential information via email. Use secure channels when necessary.

 17.  Say Thank You and Sign Off Appropriately : End the email with a closing expression of gratitude (if applicable) and a professional sign-off (e.g., Sincerely, Best regards).

 By adhering to these email writing manners and etiquettes, you can create a positive impression and foster effective and respectful communication with your recipients.

 ·         Why uses Email?

The operating principle behind email is relatively simple, which has quickly made it the most popular service used on the Internet.

Email is used for various reasons due to its numerous advantages and practical applications. Some of the key reasons why people use email include:

1.  Communication : Email is an effective and efficient way to communicate with others, whether they are individuals, colleagues, customers, or business partners. It allows for the exchange of messages, ideas, and information across the globe in real-time.

2.  Instant Communication : Email enables near-instantaneous communication. Once an email is sent, it reaches the recipient's inbox within seconds, facilitating rapid exchanges of information.

3.  Asynchronous Communication : Unlike phone calls or real-time chat, email allows users to send and receive messages at their convenience. This makes it easy to manage communication across different time zones or during busy schedules.

4.  Formal and Professional Communication : Email is commonly used in professional settings for sending formal messages, business proposals, job applications, and other official correspondence.

5.  Documentation and Record-Keeping : Email provides a written record of conversations, making it easier to track discussions, agreements, and decisions. This documentation can be valuable for reference purposes or in case of disputes.

6.  File Sharing : Users can attach files, documents, images, and other media to emails, making it a practical way to share information and collaborate with others.

7.  Cost-Effective : Sending emails is generally much cheaper than traditional postal mail or courier services, making it an economical choice for communication.

8.  Global Reach : Email transcends geographical barriers, allowing people from different parts of the world to connect and communicate effortlessly.

9.  Automation and Reminders : Email can be integrated with various tools and platforms, enabling automated responses, reminders, and notifications.

10.  Personal Use : Besides professional purposes, email is widely used for personal communication with friends, family, and acquaintances.

11.  Marketing and Business Promotion : Email marketing is a popular method for businesses to reach their customers, promote products or services, and build customer relationships.

12.  Subscription Services : Users often subscribe to newsletters, updates, and mailing lists to stay informed about topics of interest.

Overall, email remains a versatile and valuable communication tool in both personal and professional contexts, facilitating efficient and reliable information exchange. However, with the increasing use of instant messaging and social media platforms, some people may opt for alternative methods of communication depending on their preferences and specific needs.

As with a traditional postal service, for your message to reach your recipient, all you need to know is their address. Its two main advantages over "paper mail" are the speed at which the email is sent (practically instantaneous) and the lower cost (included with the cost of an Internet connection).

·  What's more, email can be used to instantaneously send a message to several people at once.

  • ·   E-Mail Writing Format:

         To:

         From:

         Subject line:

Referred by [Person's Name] for [Informational Interview, Discuss XYZ, etc.]

         Salutation

Use an appropriate salutation.

Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name or Dear Hiring Manager:

         First Paragraph

The first paragraph of your email should include information on why you are writing. Be clear and direct if you are applying for a job, mention the job title. If you want an informational interview, state that in your opening sentences.

         Middle Paragraph

The next section of your email message should describe what you have to offer the employer or if you are writing to ask for help, what type of assistance you are seeking.

Keep it concise and flawless with relevant punctuation.

         Final Paragraph

Conclude your email by thanking the employer for considering you for the position or your connection for helping with your job search.

·         Email Signature

·         First Name, Last Name

·         Email address

·         Phone

·         How to CC and BCC properly:

The carbon copy (CC) and blind carbon copy (BCC) tools are tricky. Sometimes they're useful, but if used improperly, they can be problematic.

 Another Formal Format of Email Writing:

Writing a formal email as a student is essential for various purposes, such as reaching out to teachers, professors, potential employers, or for official communication within educational institutions. Here's a standard format to follow when writing a formal email as a student:

 1.  Subject Line : The subject line should be concise and specific, summarizing the purpose of the email. This allows the recipient to understand the content at a glance. For example: Subject: Inquiry about [Topic], Application for [Purpose], Meeting Request, etc.

 2.  Salutation : Begin the email with a formal greeting, addressing the recipient appropriately. If you know the person's name, use "Dear [Mr./Ms. Last Name]," or "Dear Professor [Last Name]," for instance. If you don't know the recipient's name, use a generic salutation like "Dear Sir/Madam," or "To Whom It May Concern."

 3.  Introduction : In the opening paragraph, introduce yourself and provide context for the email. State your name, your course or affiliation with the institution, and briefly mention the reason for writing the email.

 4.  Body of the Email : Use the following paragraphs to elaborate on the purpose of your email. Provide relevant details, explain your request or inquiry, and be clear and concise in your communication. Organize your thoughts logically and use proper paragraphs to make the email easy to read.

 5.  Polite Language and Tone : Maintain a polite and respectful tone throughout the email. Avoid using informal language, jargon, or slang.

 6.  Specific Details : Include any necessary specifics, such as dates, times, reference numbers, or relevant background information. This helps the recipient understand the context and respond more effectively.

 7.  Closing Request or Call to Action : Clearly state what action or response you are expecting from the recipient. Be courteous when making requests, and if necessary, provide a deadline for the response.

 8.  Closing : End the email with a formal closing, such as "Sincerely," "Thank you," or "Best regards," followed by your full name.

 9.  Signature : Include your full name after the closing. If it's an official email, you can also add your designation or affiliation, and contact information (optional).

 10.  Proofreading : Before sending the email, proofread it carefully to check for any spelling or grammatical errors. A well-written and error-free email reflects positively on you as a student.

 Here's an example of a formal email format for a student:

To: xyz@gmail.com

From: pqr@gmail.com

 Subject: Inquiry about the possibility of conducting undergraduate research...

 Dear Professor Smith,

 I hope this email finds you well. My name is Jane Doe, and I am a second-year student pursuing a Bachelor's degree in Biology at XYZ University.

 I am writing to inquire about the possibility of conducting undergraduate research under your guidance. Your research on environmental biology has inspired me, and I am keen to contribute and learn from your expertise. I would be grateful if you could advise me on any available opportunities to join your research team.

 I have attached my academic transcript and a detailed resume for your reference. If there is any additional information you require, please let me know, and I will be happy to provide it.

Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your guidance and the possibility of working together. Please feel free to suggest a convenient time for a meeting if that would be suitable for further discussion.

 Sincerely,

Jane Doe

Biology Student, ABC University

Email: jane.doe@email.com

Phone: 1234445550

```

  Resume / CV / Biodata.

Resume:  

         Resume is a French word meaning "summary".

         A resume is ideally a summary of one's education, skills and employment when applying for a new job.

         A resume does not list all details of a profile, but only some specific skills customized to the target job profile.

         It thus, is usually 1 or at the most 2 pages long. A resume is usually written in the third person to give it an objective and formal tone.

 

C.V. Curriculum Vitae:

         Curriculum Vitae is a Latin word meaning "course of life".

         It is more detailed than a resume, generally 2 to 3 pages, or even longer as per the requirement.

         A C.V. lists every skill, all the jobs and positions held, degrees, professional affiliations the applicant has acquired, and in chronological order.

         A C.V. is used to highlight the general talent of the candidate rather than specific skills for a specific position.

Bio-data:  

         Bio-data is the short form for Biographical Data and is an archaic terminology for Resume or C.V.

         In a bio-data, the focus is on personal particulars like date of birth, gender, religion, race, nationality, residence, marital status, and the like.

         A chronological listing of education and experience comes after that.

 

The difference between Resume / CV / Biodata.

 Resumes, CVs (Curriculum Vitae), and biodata are all documents used to present personal and professional information about an individual to potential employers, educational institutions, or for other purposes. However, they have distinct characteristics and are used in different regions and contexts. Here are the main differences between the three:

 1.  Resume :

   -  Length : Resumes are typically concise and limited to one or two pages.

   -  Focus : They emphasize a person's relevant work experience, skills, and achievements.

   -  Purpose : Resumes are commonly used in the United States and Canada for job applications, internships, and some graduate programs.

   -  Format : Resumes often follow a reverse-chronological order, listing the most recent work experience first.

   -  Customization : Resumes are usually tailored for specific job applications, highlighting skills and experiences relevant to the desired position.

 2.  CV (Curriculum Vitae) :

   -  Length : CVs are more comprehensive and can be several pages long.

   -  Focus : They provide a detailed overview of an individual's academic background, research, publications, and professional experiences, including teaching and research positions.

   -  Purpose : CVs are commonly used in Europe, the United Kingdom, and other countries for academic positions, research opportunities, graduate programs, and in some cases, job applications.

   -  Format : CVs typically follow a chronological order for academic and professional experiences, and they may include sections such as research interests, publications, conferences, and grants.

   -  Customization : While some tailoring is possible, CVs are generally more static and include a comprehensive overview of one's academic and professional accomplishments.

 3.  Biodata :

   -  Length : Biodata can vary in length but are usually shorter than CVs and may be limited to a few pages.

   -  Focus : Biodata provide essential personal information about an individual, including their name, age, date of birth, family background, education, occupation, and sometimes hobbies and interests.

   -  Purpose : Biodata are commonly used in India and South Asian countries for marriage proposals, job applications (especially in government sectors), and other formal purposes that require background information.

   -  Format : Biodata may not follow a specific format, and the content can vary depending on the purpose of the document.

   -  Customization : Biodata may not be heavily customized, as their primary focus is to provide an overview of personal details and qualifications.

 

It's important to note that the use and expectations of these documents may vary across different industries, countries, and cultures. Therefore, individuals should adapt their documents accordingly to suit the specific requirements of the target audience.

  •  Here are the formats for Resume, CV, and Biodata:

  1. Resume Format :

 ```

[Your Name]

[Your Address]

[City, State, Zip Code]

[Your Email Address]

[Your Phone Number]

 Objective (Optional):

[Write a brief statement outlining your career goal or the specific position you are applying for.]

 Education:

[Degree, Major, University/College Name, Location, Year of Graduation]

 Work Experience:

[Job Title, Company/Organization Name, Location, Dates (Month, Year)]

- Responsibilities and achievements in bullet points.

 [If you have more work experience, list them in reverse-chronological order.]

 Skills:

[List key skills relevant to the job, such as programming languages, software proficiency, etc.]

 Achievements (Optional):

[List any notable achievements or awards relevant to your field.]

 Activities and Extracurriculars (Optional):

[List any relevant activities or involvement outside of academics or work.]

 References (Optional):

[Include "References available upon request" if necessary.]

 

```

  2. CV (Curriculum Vitae) Format :

 ```

[Your Name]

[Your Address]

[City, State, Zip Code]

[Your Email Address]

[Your Phone Number]

 Education:

[Degree, Major, University/College Name, Location, Year of Graduation]

 Academic Qualifications:

[List relevant academic achievements, such as thesis titles, research projects, or academic publications.]

 Professional Experience:

[Job Title, Company/Organization Name, Location, Dates (Month, Year)]

- Responsibilities and achievements in bullet points.

 [If you have more professional experience, list them in reverse-chronological order.]

 Research Experience (Optional):

[List any research positions, projects, or publications.]

 Teaching Experience (Optional):

[List any teaching or mentoring roles, including courses taught and responsibilities.]

 Skills:

[List technical and non-technical skills relevant to your field and profession.]

 Publications (Optional):

[List any published papers, articles, or books.]

 Conferences and Presentations (Optional):

[List any conferences attended or presentations given.]

 Grants and Awards (Optional):

[List any research grants received or awards earned.]

 Memberships (Optional):

[List memberships in professional organizations or societies.]

 References (Optional):

[Include contact information for references or state "References available upon request."]

 ```

 

 3. Biodata Format :

 ```

[Your Name]

[Your Address]

[City, State, Zip Code]

[Your Email Address]

[Your Phone Number]

[Date of Birth (optional)]

 Personal Details:

- Father's Name:

- Mother's Name:

- Marital Status:

- Languages Known:

- Hobbies/Interests:

 Educational Qualifications:

[Degree, Major, School/College Name, Location, Year of Completion]

 Professional Experience (Optional):

[Job Title, Company/Organization Name, Location, Dates (Month, Year)]

- Responsibilities and achievements in bullet points.

 [If you have more work experience, list them in reverse-chronological order.]

 Skills:

[List key skills or expertise relevant to your profession.]

 Additional Information (Optional):

[Include any other relevant information about yourself.]

 

```

 

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